Time Study
Define the work. Time each observation. See where the time goes.
Limits and assumptions
Study one comparable work family and declared boundary at a time. Keep the observation order. Include representative work conditions, interruptions and quality requirements. Record exclusions with a reason; do not delete a long cycle just because it is inconvenient. Repeated observations from one short period may not represent other shifts or demand peaks.
Planned stops reduce time only when the whole scoped process stops. Do not subtract downtime or changeover twice. Resource mode assumes equal independent resources, fixed batch size and acceptable output; shared staff, unequal resources, queues and losses require a fuller model.
Compare one work family and demand period at a time. For variable services, average takt is a planning reference—not a waiting-time or care-time target.
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- Evidence and data-quality gaps
- Prioritized improvement hypotheses with trade-offs
- Conservative scenarios with explicit assumptions
- Action owners, trial measures and review checkpoints
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Check the method with a worked example
Choose the observation mode before interpreting a result. Completion intervals and task elements are different. The tool measures observed time; a rated standard time and allowance convention need a separate documented calculation.